A specific problem in this age group is the mistaken belief that “fat” children are healthier. Many children at this age consume more calories than they need, which could explain the greater prevalence of obesity in these early years.
The actual energy requirements are approximately 100 kcal/kg/day. Intake should be divided between:
- Breakfast: 25%. Formula food for infants or milk with cereals and fruit.
- Lunch: 30%. Gradually becoming accustomed to family meals. Puréed vegetables, legumes, pasta, rice and stews. Meat or fish, mashed, or cut into small pieces, tortillas. For dessert: fruit, milk or yoghurt.
- Afternoon snack: 15%. Fruit, ham or cheese cut into small pieces, yoghurt, or sandwiches.
- Dinner: 30%. Give preference to vegetables, cereals and fruits. Cereals with or without milk.
Breakfast is an important meal, and should include a dairy product, cereals and fruit.
Parents should plan the meals at home so that they complement school meals.
Presentation and Textures
It´s best to serve food that is juicy and easy to chew (soups, purées, casseroles with little fat, croquettes, tortillas). Gentle cooking techniques should be used (baking, steaming, poaching, roasting, microwaving and sautéeing with little oil).
Mild seasoning should be used in moderation (garlic, onions, leeks, herbs, etc). Avoid fried foods, elaborate or ready-made sauces.
More coarsely textured food can be introduced by mashing with a fork, before moving to food that has been finely chopped. At 2 years of age, foods can be offered with a texture similar to that for adults.
At this stage, there should also be a change in eating strategy, from the concept of one dish per meal to several courses, a starter (vegetables, soup, purée), a main course (meat, fish, eggs, all accompanied by a complementary side dish) and finally a dessert (preferably fresh fruit), always presented appetisingly and in small portions.
Be sure to provide a varied diet to prevent nutritional deficiencies. Avoid foods that may cause choking (nuts, large chunks of fruit, etc.). Sugary drinks should be avoided.